Abstract Background: Elderly patients are more susceptible to Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and are more likely to develop it in severe forms, (e.g., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [ARDS]). Prone positioning is a treatment strategy for severe ARDS; however, its response in the elderly population remains poorly understood. The main objective was to evaluate the predictive response and mortality of elderly patients exposed to prone positioning due to ARDS-COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study involved 223 patients aged ≥ 65 years, who received prone position sessions for severe ARDS due to COVID-19, using invasive mechanical ventilation. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was used to assess the oxygenation response. The 20-point improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after the first prone session was considered for good response. Data were collected from electronic medical records, including demographic data, laboratory/image exams, complications, comorbidities, SAPS III and SOFA scores, use of anticoagulants and vasopressors, ventilator settings, and respiratory system mechanics. Mortality was defined as deaths that occurred until hospital discharge. Results: Most patients were male, with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus as the most prevalent comorbidities. The non-responders group had higher SAPS III and SOFA scores, and a higher incidence of complications. There was no difference in mortality rate. A lower SAPS III score was a predictor of oxygenation response, and the male sex was a risk predictor of mortality. Conclusion: The present study suggests the oxygenation response to prone positioning in elderly patients with severe COVID-19-ARDS correlates with the SAPS III score. Furthermore, the male sex is a risk predictor of mortality.

FUNDAMENTO: O fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF - vascular endothelial growth factor) induz a mobilização de células progenitoras endoteliais (CPEs) com capacidade de proliferação e diferenciação em células endoteliais, contribuindo, dessa forma, para o processo angiogênico. OBJETIVO: Buscamos avaliar o comportamento de CPEs em pacientes com doença cardíaca isquêmica e angina refratária que receberam injeções intramiocardicas de 2000 µg de VEGF165 como terapia única. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi uma subanálise de um ensaio clínico. Pacientes com doença cardíaca isquêmica avançada e angina refratária foram avaliados para inclusão no estudo. Os critérios de inclusão foram: sinais e sintomas de angina e/ou insuficiência cardíaca apesar de tratamento medicamentoso máximo e área de isquemia miocárdica de, no mínimo, 5% conforme avaliado por uma tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (TCEFU). Os critérios de exclusão foram: idade > 65 anos, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo < 25% e cancer diagnosticado. Os pacientes cujos níveis de CPE foram avaliados foram incluídos. A intervenção consistiu na administração de 2000 µg de VEGF 165 de plasmídeo injetado no miocárdio isquêmico. A frequência de células CD34+/KDR+ foi analisada por citometria de fluxo antes e 3, 9, e 27 dias após a intervenção. RESULTADOS: Um total de 9 pacientes foram incluídos, 8 homens, média de idade de 59,4 anos, fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda de 59,3%, e classe de angina predominante III. Observou-se um aumento significativo dos níveis de CPEs no terceiro dia após a intervenção. Todavia, 9 e 27 dias após a intervenção, os níveis de CPEs foram similares aos basais. CONCLUSÃO: Identificamos uma mobilização transitória de CPE, com pico no terceiro dia após a intervenção com VEGF 165 em pacientes com angina refratária. Todavia, os níveis de CPEs apresentaram-se semelhantes aos basais 9 e 27 dias após a intervenção.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) with the capacity for proliferation and differentiation into mature endothelial cells, thus contributing to the angiogenic process. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the behavior of EPCs in patients with ischemic heart disease and refractory angina who received an intramyocardial injections of 2000 µg of VEGF 165 as the sole therapy. METHODS: The study was a subanalysis of a clinical trial. Patients with advanced ischemic heart disease and refractory angina were assessed for eligibility. Inclusion criteria were as follows: signs and symptoms of angina and/or heart failure despite maximum medical treatment and a myocardial ischemic area of at least 5% as assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Exclusion criteria were as follows: age > 65 years, left ventricular ejection fraction < 25%, and a diagnosis of cancer. Patients whose EPC levels were assessed were included. The intervention was 2000 µg of VEGF 165 plasmid injected into the ischemic myocardium. The frequency of CD34+/KDR+ cells was analyzed by flow cytometry before and 3, 9, and 27 days after the intervention. RESULTS: A total of 9 patients were included, 8 males, mean age 59.4 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 59.3% and predominant class III angina. The number of EPCs on day 3 was significantly higher than that at baseline (p = 0.03); however, that on days 9 and 27 was comparable to that at baseline. CONCLUSION: We identified a transient mobilization of EPCs, which peaked on the 3th day after VEGF 165 gene therapy in patients with refractory angina and returned to near baseline levels on days 9 and 27.